Advanced static and dynamic analysis method for helical springs of non-linear geometries

Current design and analysis methods of helical springs are significantly confined to a simple linear domain. The traditional spring formula is only effective for analyzing with geometric properties like constant coil diameter, unchanged pitch no contact. An advanced analytical model proposed in this study address the non-linear effects variable contact that exist arbitrary shapes. It aims expand available domain wider space. In addition, it coupled modal explain predict dynamic vibrational response beehive springs. found has an excellent accuracy estimating mechanical both static conditions by comparing experimental FE results. This may lead innovative method developing tools performance could be beneficial wide range engineering applications.